lecture 4 汉英语言类型对比与翻译(动态与静态).ppt

汉英语言类型对比与翻译 Lecture Four 汉英语表达的动态与静态取向 I. Case Study 请比较分析下列英语句子，并将其译成汉语，然后做汉英对比，观察双语的用词特点。 1. The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily. 2. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 【原译】医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 【试译】医生火速赶到，仔仔细细做了检查，病人很快就康复了。 【讨论】句1 用动词，结构松散，类似汉语之铺排，叙述呈动态（dynamic）；句2用了相应动词的派生名词，结构紧凑，行文简洁，语义逻辑分明，叙述呈静态（static）。两句的汉语译文总体相似，叙述动态倾向明显。 II. Main Concepts Nominalization? In?linguistics,?nominalization?is the use of a word which is not a noun (e.g. a?verb, an?adjective?or an?adverb) as a?noun, or as the?head?of a noun phrase, with or without morphological transformation. The term can also refer specifically to the process of producing a noun from another?part of speech?via the addition of?derivational?affixes. Two types of nominalization are found in English. One type requires the addition of a?derivational?suffix?to create a noun. For example, in the sentence “Combine the two chemicals,”? “combine”?acts as a verb. This can be turned into a noun via the addition of?-ation, as in “The experiment involved the?combination?of the two chemicals.” II. Main Concepts Nominalization? In other cases, English uses the same word as a noun without any additional morphology. This second process is referred to as zero-derivation or conversion. The use of “change” in the following is a good example: (1) I need a change (noun), (2) I will change (verb). English also has a number of words which, depending on subtle changes in pronunciation, are either nouns or verbs. One such type, which is rather pervasive, is the change in stress placement from the final syllable of the word to the first syllable (?initial-stress-derived noun). For instance,(1) Profits have shown a large increase.?([inkri:s] noun)(2) Profits will conti