简述动词的时、体、态、式.ppt

Verbal tense, aspect, voice and mood动词的时、体、态、式 What is tense? differences between tenses and time Time is a concept universally existent and tense may be a grammatical device or vocabulary device specific to a language. e.g I enjoy English. (present) I enjoyed English. (past) I will enjoy English. (future??) I’m going to enjoy English (future??) A particular tense form can express different temporal notions in different concepts. How many Tenses in English? Simple Present The earth is round. Light travels faster than sound. Simple Past WWII ended in 1945. We entered college in 2004. Tenses are mutually exclusive. ASPECT In Grammar, aspect is an analytical device used to reflect the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.(Quirk et.al) 语法中用以表示动词动作与时间相关的分析手段。 [Grammar] A category of the verb designating primarily the relation of the action to the passage of time, especially in reference to completion, duration, or repetition. (AHD) 【语法】 （动词的）体：一种动词范畴，主要指动作与时间之间的关系，尤指完成、延续或重复等状态 语言有两种基本类型：分析语（analytical language）和屈折语（inflectional language） Differences between tense and aspect Tense is inflectional and aspect analytical. Tense refers to a systematic set of inflectional features that are loosely related to time, while aspect is usually expressed through the use of certain vocabulary devices. Tense usually points to temporal locations and aspect generally marks the state of an action—whether it is completed or not. How many aspects? Progressive aspect He is/was reading a book. Perfective aspect They have/had finished that work. Aspects can be combined to form complex aspects: We have been studying English for 6 years. Different combinations of Tenses and Aspects Simple present: She plays the piano very well. Simple past: She play the piano very well. Present progressive She is playing the piano now. Past progressive she was playing the piano this time yesterday. Different combinat