2013寒假初2语法班.doc

The First to The Second Class Part 1 Grammar 句子成分 一．句子成分的定义：组成一个句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。 二．分类包括：主语、谓语（宾语、表语）、以及用于修饰句中名词和代词的定语、修饰句中动词、形容词和副词的状语。主语和谓语构成句子的骨架，而定语和状语则是修饰骨架的血肉，是修饰语。句子成分主要由实词担任。实词包括：名次、动词、代词、形容词、副词和数词。虚词在句中只起连接、限定或表达喜怒哀乐感情等作用，不做句子成分。虚词包括：介词、连词、冠词和感叹词等。 （一）主语：主语相当于句子的话题或主题，即要说明的人或物。主语一般位于句首，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句，倒装句，祈使句，感叹句，there be结构中等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后或省略。能用来做主语的有：名词、代词、数词、动名词或动名词短语、动词不定式或动词不定式短语、主语从句等。 名词作主语，名词是表示人，事物或抽象概念的名词，它是英语中最重要的词类之一。充当句子的主语是名词的主要功能之一。 These books are Lucy’s. The students asked me many questions. 代词作主语 We all like music. This is not my book. Mine is over there. This is a map of China and that is the map of the world. Why are you so sad? Everyone is here. Let’s go. It is important to learn English well. 动名词作主语 Smoking is bad for us. Dancing is my favorite. 数词作主语 Eight is a lucky number. The first is mine and the second is hers. 动词不定式作主语 To master a foreign language is important. To be a teacher is my dream. 名词化的形容词作主语 The old need more help. The injured are in the hospital. 从句作主语 That he forget to tell me the time caused lots of troubles. Whether we can hold the meeting depends on the weather. What you said is important for me. 介词短语作主语 From 8:30 a.m to 5:30 p.m is our office time. 总之：主语是以名词性的短语来充当。 　练习：指出下列句子的主语。 1. Swimming is good for us. 2. It’s a pity that he has made such a mistake. 3. The fourth of the earth is water. 4. Kobe is a well-known basketball player. 5. Both of us are students. 6. To read in the sun is bad for your eyes. 7. Whether they will agree to the plan doesn’t matter too much. 8. Staying at home on Sunday is boring. 9. Four is an unlucky number. 10. It is important for me to get up early. （二）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作，状态或者特征的句子成分，即说明主语做什么，怎么样。由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后:由动词或动词词组组成 1. I saw the flag on the top of the hill? 2. He looked after two orphans. 3. Mother bought me a VCR. 4. The weather is very nice today. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; 5. He can speak English well. 6. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 7. We have fini