2012年大学英语4级考1.doc

2012年大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义98 来源:$From$ 更新：2012/2/23 编辑：梓淇 ?　　现在分词的完成被动式表示分词的动作发生在谓语的行为之前，且动作由逻辑主语所承受(即与逻辑主语是被动关系)。　　【例如】　　Having been given such a good chance, he planned to work hard.　　Having been experimented several times, this new product will be putsintosmass production.　　All the compositionsshavingsbeen written and collected, the teacher dismissed the students. 2012年大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义99 来源:$From$ 更新：2012/2/23 编辑：梓淇 ?　　在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，我们可以用现在分词的被动形式。　　【例如】　　The bridge being built now will be completed in three months.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.　　Being surrounded by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one.　　If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ____. (CET-4 1996,6)　　A) to correct B) correcting C)shavingscorrected D) being corrected　　句意为：如果我批评某个人，我会尽量保持幽默，自我控制，像批评自己一样。one为代词，后面的动词为其修饰成分，故用分词，而且one与correct之间是动宾关系，故用分词被动式，答案为D。 2012年大学英语四级考试：语法笔记讲义100 来源:$From$ 更新：2012/2/23 编辑：梓淇 ?　　在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话，分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词)，构成分词的独立结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构)。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。 【例如】　　The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.　　(附加说明)　　She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.　　(伴随动作)　　Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.　　(伴随动作)　　They being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =As they were blind men... )　　(表示原因)　　Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.　　(表示原因)　　A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示条件)　　Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示条件)　　All flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.　　there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语修饰主句，there和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。　　【例如】　　There being nothing else to do, we went home.　　Thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants wit