4个无核葡萄品种在郑州地区的生物学特征.doc

题 目 四个无核葡萄品种在郑州地区的生物学特征 四个无核葡萄品种在郑州地区的生物学特性 摘要： 为丰富郑州地区无核葡萄栽培的品种构成，本文对“ 无核白鸡心”“红宝石无核” “夏黑无核”“ 早熟红无核”等4个无核葡萄品种的生物学特性进行了观察比较。 结果表明: 早熟红无核，果粒整齐，品质优秀，不裂果，不易落粒，长势强，早熟，极丰产，抗病，抗旱，耐盐碱，耐储运。夏黑无核，果小，有浓玫瑰香味，极早熟，树势生长旺盛，丰产性强，果实品质好。无核白鸡心，果穗大，果粒比较均匀，紧密，皮薄而韧，肉脆，有玫瑰香味，品质极佳，中熟，成熟一致。红宝石无核长势旺，坐果率高，晚熟，抗病性弱，有裂果现象。由于早熟红无核结果性状最好，长势最旺，早果性非常明显。适合郑州地区栽培。 关键词：无核葡萄；生物学特性；郑州 The Biological Characteristics Conduct of Four Seedless Grape Varieties in ZhengZhou Area Zhang Mei Fang Abstract : In order to enrich the seedless grape cultivars in ZhengZhou Area,On the Centennial Seedles Ruby Seedless Xia Hei seedless Precocity Red Seedless4seedless grape varieties of biology characteristics were observed and compared. The results showed that :Precocity Red Seedless, fruit tidy, quality excellent,dehiscent fruit, not easy to drop, strong growth, precocious, very high yield, disease resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, resistant storage and transportation. Xia Hei seedless, fruit small, thick fragrance of rose,precocious , growth vigorous growth, very high yield, fruit quality. Centennial Seedless, big ear, fruit is relatively uniform, compact, thin and tough meat, crisp, with rose fragrance, excellent quality, medium maturity, mature consistent. Ruby Seedless growth vigor, fruit setting rate high, late-maturing, resistance is weak, there is a cracking phenomenon. By early red seedless fruit character is best, the most flourishing, the early fruit is very obvious. Suitable for cultivating in Zhengzhou area. Key words : seedless grape ;biological characteristics;zhengzhou 1引言 葡萄（Vitis amurensis）是世界水果生产中栽培面积较大、产量较高的水果之一。2007年全球葡萄栽培总面积为7 871千hm2，葡萄总产量6460．1万吨。我国葡萄栽培自20世纪80年代以来突飞猛进地发展，30年来葡萄栽培面积和产量一直持续增长。2008年全国葡萄栽培面积和产量分别达到了451．3千hm2和715．15万吨，葡萄栽培面积和产量均居世界第5位。按鲜食葡萄产量，我国已连续多年高居首位。发展葡萄生产不仅可以满足人们日益增长的物质需要，还可以为食品工业提供原料。葡萄鲜果、葡萄汁、葡萄酒、葡萄干以及其他葡萄加工制品，营养丰富，形、色、香、味俱佳、是国内和国际市场上的畅销商品。由于其营养和医疗价值高、用途广、经济效益稳而高的特点，