专四语法系列(一)-句子成分.ppt

TEM-4 专四语法与词汇系列——句子成分 句子的主要成分包括： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。 The main sentence parts are: subject, predicator, object, attribute, adverbial, complement, subject complement / predicative, appositive 主语 Subject 主语（subject），是一句话中动作的实施者。一般由名词性的成分充当，如名词、代词、名词性从句等。在专四中对主语的考核，请注意形式主语it与真正主语的辨析。 主语 Subject In the following sentence “It is no use waiting for me”, the italicized phrase is . (2010, 61) A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject 谓语 Predicator 谓语（predicator），是一句话的中心动作，一定由动词来充当。在专四中对谓语的考核，主要集中在时态和语法上。 参见专四语法与词汇系列其余部分 to be continued… 宾语 Object 宾语（object），是一句话中动作的实施对象，一般位于及物动词或介词之后，也由名词性成分的词、短语或从句充当。在专四中对宾语的考核，请注意形式宾语it与真正宾语的辨析。 宾语 Object In “How much do you think he earns?” how much is of the sentence. (2009, 64) A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement 宾语 Object 在对宾语的考核中，还可能会考核到双宾语（double objects）和复合宾语（compound object），以及这二者的区别。 They gave him a watch. We call him Jack. (object + object complement) 宾语 Object Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (2010, 63) The directors appointed John manager. I gave Mary a Christmas present. You have done Peter a favor. She is teaching children English. 定语 Attribute 定语（attribute），是一句话中对主语和宾语起修饰、限定的那个部分，通常由形容词性的词、短语或从句充当。 状语 Adverbial 状语（adverbial），是一句话中修饰动词或整句的那个部分，通常由副词性的词、短语或从句充当，且介词短语也可充当句子的状语。 状语可用于表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、让步、条件等。 状语 Adverbial Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE? (2010, 51) Why don’t you do it for the sake of your friends? I wish I could write as well as you. C. For all his efforts, he didn’t get an A. D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading. 表语 Subject Complement 表语（subject complement），是一句话中位于联系动词后，用于解释、说明、描述主语的那个部分，一般由形容词、名词性质的词、短语或从句充当。 句子成分 Even as a girl, to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher. (2001, 42) performing by Melissa were it was known that Melissa’s performances were knowing that Melissa’s performances were Melissa knew that p