文体学chapt2OnStyle要点.pptVIP

3) Formal vs. informal in terms of syntax Syntax also varies according to formality. Varieties of formal English have their own unique uses of syntax, such as longer sentences, complex sentence structure; impersonal constructions; nominalizations. In contrast, informal varieties are marked by shorter sentences, simple sentence structure, use of sentence relatives, participial and absolute structures replaced by clauses, elliptical sentences (such as You ok?), tag questions, etc. Compare the following: Please turn off the lights on your way out. Kindly extinguish the illumination upon exiting. Who’s he stayin’ with? With whom is he staying? When his father died, Peter had to get another job. On the decease of his father, Mr Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment. He has very fixed ideas on this; he wouldn’t listen to what we said. Being a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our argument. You’ve got to pay fines for overdue books. Penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced. 5. Linguistic levels of style Style can occur at the levels of phonology (phonological deviation, phonological overregularity), lexis/morphology (lexical deviation), sentence/syntax (syntactic deviation, syntactic overregularity), and text/discourse (cohesion and coherence, turn-taking); Style can also occur at the levels of grammar (morphological and syntactic levels of style), semantics (deep-structure deviation) and pragmatics (pragmatic principles such as CP and speech act theory employed in stylistic analysis). 6. Summary of this chapter 1. Three typical views on style 2. Classification of style 3. Varieties of English 4. Formality of style 5. Linguistic levels of style Assignment 1. What is style? 2. Discuss one of the following topics: 1) Role of idiolect 2) Role of regional dialect 3) Role of social dialect 4) Black English 5) Sex-related variations 6) Relation between speech situation and formality of style * Ch