文学理论与批评女性主义要点.ppt

Feminism 华中师范大学15级英语语言文学 Feminism Feminine vs. Feminist vs. Feminism Origin Definition Three Waves of Feminism Feminist Literary Criticism Theoretical basis Development Feminism feminine vs. feminist vs. feminism feminine: a style of gender. feminist: a commitment to respecting women. feminism: organized activities in support of womens rights and interests. Origin The discrimination and prejudice (misogyny: a strong dislike of women) from patriarchal society. Definition A range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social rights for women. (Hawkesworth, Mary E. (2006).Globalization and Feminist Activism. Rowman Littlefield. pp.?25–27.) Three waves of feminism First-wave feminism (19th century and early twentieth century) Focus: the promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. Representative: Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) (women’s education, establishing women’s rights to vote and own property.) Second-wave feminism (early 1960s-present) Focus: Achieving equal rights; describing or even celebrating the distinctiveness and specialness of women (cultural feminism/ difference feminism); a sense of sisterhood and shared identity among all women. Representatives: Virginia Woolf, Simone de Beauvoir, and Betty Friedan. Virginia Woolf (1882-1931) A Room of One’s Own (1929): “A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction”; “intellectual freedom depends upon material things.” She points out the alienation between female readers and male-authored text. Androgyny (双性同体): “one must be woman-manly or man-womanly”. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) The Second Sex (1949): “One is not born, but rather becomes a woman”. She points out the reason why women are called “the second sex” is because they don’t have financial freedom. Gayle Rub