汉译英︰增词和减词.(update).ppt

汉英翻译技巧(第一讲） ————增词与减词 增词 (amplification) 1.三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。  2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, conceit makes one lag behind. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. （增连词） 3. 要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate taking the whole situation into consideration. We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.  （增回概括性词） 4. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. （增回概括性词） 5. 这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 This little boy always washes hands before meals and then dries with napkins. This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. （增物主代词和宾语） 6. 老虎和猫同科。 Tiger and cat belong to the same family of animals. The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals （增冠词） 汉语句子在泛指的时候，显然可以增加上英语表示泛指的主语。如： 充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。 We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill its significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market. 然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。 But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person. 凡事应该适度，适度是最安全的。 One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way. 增加英语代词it作主语 在英语中，代词it作主语的情况非常多。因为这个代词表示的意义非常丰富，它可以表示汉语中的气候、天气、时间等无主句，如“下雨了（It is raining），三点了（It’s 3 o’clock now）等，当然，它还可以充当强调句和形式主语句型的主语。如： 自从理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）同癌症宣战以来已经有30年了。 It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer. 大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在。 It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level. 知道这个答案是有用的……如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。 It’s useful to know the answer… it is vital if you want to be enrolled in a college or university in an English-speaking country, or if you