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IB–Liu–05–国际企业的进入方式和对外直接投资.ppt

IB–Liu–05–国际企业的进入方式和对外直接投资.ppt

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IB–Liu–05–国际企业的进入方式和对外直接投资

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5.2.2 Countertrade Types of Countertrade Barter: direct exchange of goods Counterpurchase: reciprocal buying agreement Offset: similar to Counterpurchase but more than one set of exchanges can be involved Switch trading: involves the use of a specialized third party trading house in a countertrade agreement Buybacks: a firm builds a plant, supplies technology or equipment or training or other service in a country and agrees to take percentage of output as partial payment 5.2.2 Countertrade – Pros and Cons Pros Can offer a way to finance exports when other forms of financing are not available Can be the preferred financing method in cases where cash deals are too risky May satisfy the need to build good will with the host government 5.2.2 Countertrade – Pros and Cons Cons May involve the exchange of poor quality goods Importing firm must find a market for goods in an unrelated industry Can involve building a marketing infrastructure to dispose of a stream of such goods More suitable to large firms 5.2.3 Turnkey Project Turnkey projects Special case of exporting for firms that set up production plants or build facilities for others The “exporting firm” builds the facility overseas, starts it up, turns it over to the host country owner, and then departs Most common in Oil firms, construction firms, pharmaceutical manufacturers which use complex, expensive production technologies 5.2.4 Licensing Licensing Licensor grants rights to licensee for use of intangible property over a specified period in return for a fee Intangible property: patents, inventions, formulas, processes, designs, copyrights, trademarks Licensing agreement likely allows licensor quality assurance rights over actual use of intangible asset If licensee sells to consumers using the licensor’s brand name, the license may also give the licensor rights to strategic brand control 5.2.5 Franchising Franchising Franchisor, grants franchisee us

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