2017陕西中考主谓一致专项.doc

中考主谓一致专项 【主谓一致命题】 主谓一致的语法一致原则 主谓一致的意义一致原则 主谓一致的就近一致原则 主谓一致的附加原则 一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。“单则单，复则复”，指主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况： 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To start smoking quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. Reading English newspapers a good way of improving you English. What you need most to have a good sleep. [注] 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用 形式。 2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。 Swimming and walking good exercises. Both John and Ann （have） got pen-friends.。 [注] 1）并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher and writer absent at the meeting. The teacher and the writer busy now.。 2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 In our country every boy and every girl （have）the right to receive education. Many a student having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。 More than one student interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。 3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。 A teacher together with some students （have） climbed to the top of the mountain. Mary as well as her friends (like) this painting. 4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everyone knows smoking cigarettes bad for health. Nothing to be done 5、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。 It sounds like a train which/that going under my house. People who (study）the think that there will be another big one soon. 6、“a lot of/lots of， plenty of， the rest of，someof＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。 Most of the students in our class league. Most of the food delicious. 注：all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件”时，谓语用单数。 All present. All well. 注：“a number o