学术英语abstract写作.ppt

摘要中常见错误 ?? 字少、错选：提示性、报道性、资料性 ?? 结构要素残缺：目的，方法，结果，结论 ?? 丧失摘要特点?? 独立性、自含性； ?? 准确性、完整性； ?? 学术性、通用性； ?? 简练性、概括性 ?? 开头冠以“本人”、“本试验”、“本研究”、“笔者”、“作者” 未采用第三人称： “我们得出” 与标题、引言雷同 分段叙述 摘要的长短 摘要一般不宜过长，多在100～150词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1％～5％。美国有些高校规定，硕士论文提要以250词为宜，博士论文以350词为宜。 一般SCI论文摘要以200～300字为宜。 如何写摘要 摘要的内容 内容通常包括： 背景知识或文献回顾（Background Information/Literature Review） 研究的主要目的和范围（Principal Purpose） What is the problem to be solved? What has been done? What are the results? 研究方法（Methodology） 研究的主要结果（Results） 结论和建议（Conclusions, Recommendation, Implication） 要写好英文摘要，作者必须回答好以下几个问题：　　1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?)　　2) 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?)　　3) 主要结果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw)　　4) 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?) Notes The Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. · The language should be familiar to the potential reader. · Omit obscure abbreviations. · Write the paper before you write the abstract. Sample: Feedback and assessment play an important role in teaching and learning of oral presentation skills. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of an innovative instruction that uses a Student Response System for peer assessment of oral presentations. A large number of oral presentations were assessed and students’ perceptions and learning progress concerning the particular instructional approach were investigated. Results showed that the Student Response System was an effective way to produce feedback for presenters, assessors and educators. Results also revealed a very positive students’ attitude towards the instructional format. The learning effect concerning assessment was rather limited. Further research is needed to come to conclusive statements about the latter. background what method results recommendation The harm of smoking has long been studied by researchers and many people