7国外人类记忆课件.ppt

Exam 1 review * Episodic buffer = back-up storage - allows for recall when other systems are engaged with other tasks * This model of the phonological loop is consistent with several memory effects: * Word list: rhinoceros (4), zinc (1), gorilla (3), tuberculosis (5), measles (2), calcium (3), uranium (4), carbon (2), hippopotamus (5), mumps (1) Count backward from 756 * We talked about this last time in terms of studies that compared letters that looked or sounded alike (Conrad) and words that had similar meanings or sounded alike (Baddeley). * Auditory task = repeating “the” Also lowers auditory recall * Presumably, there is still something stored in the visuospatial sketchpad, but this system not as efficient as the phonological loop * Presumably, there is still something stored in the visuospatial sketchpad, but this system not as efficient as the phonological loop * Word list: rhinoceros (4), zinc (1), gorilla (3), tuberculosis (5), measles (2), calcium (3), uranium (4), carbon (2), hippopotamus (5), mumps (1) Count backward from 756 * Irrelevant speech effect failed to be replicated by some later studies. Other studies found that the effect is produced with a non-speech sound (tone). Some critics prefer a more quantitative model that can make more specific predictions and has more precise explanations of certain phenomena (e.g., Nairne model). * Activation is proposed to increase when attention is paid to items in WM. * Outside of attention = not activated enough to be within conscious attention * * Developed to address some criticisms of Baddeley and Cowan models - quantitative to make more specific predictions - interference instead of decay, etc. * 0 = no info available for that feature * Simulations done in studies show that the feature model can predict these effects: Based on overwriting aspect of model - #4 due to more features to encode in longer words so more errors possible Recall that the suffix effect is a reduction of the recency ef