Psycholinguistics课件1.pptx

Psycholinguistics;Psycholinguistics;Brain Architecture;Brain Architecture;Cortex Areas;Language Centers of the Brain;Language Centers of the Brain;Language Centers of the Brain;Language Centers of the Brain;Language Disorders;Language Disorders;;Language Disorders;;Language Disorders;;18;Specialization of Function;;Complexity of language ;Stages of FLA; The prelinguistic stage (babbling stage) ;The one-word stage ;The two-word stage ;Examples:;Me going. Ken water. Dirty sock. Here pretty.;Apparently, children’s two-word utterances can express a certain variety of grammatical relations indicated by word order.; The multiword stage ;Examples;I good boy today. What that? No sit there. Mummy no play. Baby no eat apple.;;Do Children Learn through Imitation?;Weaknesses in Imitation Theory;This also happens on the syntactic level:;Finally,;Do Children Learn through Reinforcement?;Reinforcement Theory:;Child: Want other one spoon, Daddy. Father: You mean, you want the other spoon. Child: Yes, I want other one spoon, please, Daddy. Father: Can you say “the other spoon”? Child: Other…one…spoon. Father: Say …“other”. Child: Other. Father: Spoon. Child: Spoon. Father: Other … spoon Child: Other … spoon. Now give me other one spoon? ;Do Children Learn through Analogy?;;Analogy Theory:;The Innateness Hypothesis;The Innateness Hypothesis;1. The behavior emerges before it is necessary.;2. The behavior’s appearance is not the result of a conscious decision.3. Its emergence is not triggered by external events*.;4. Direct teaching and intensive practice have relatively little effect.;5. There is a regular sequence of “milestones” as the behavior develops, and these can usually be correlated with age and other aspects of development. 6. There is likely to be a “critical period” for the acquisition of the behavior.;SEQUENCE OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENTUniversal Milestones in Language Devel;;Linguistic Evidence for Innateness;The Poverty of the Stimulus;But there’s more!;The Logica