英语修辞学ENGLISH RHETORIC - i syntactic figures of speech-I.ppt

Chapter Eight syntactic figures of speech (I)  Repetition 反复 the repeated use of the same word or pattern as a rhetorical device Repetition allows a writer or speaker to hammer home an idea, image, or relationship, to force the reader or listener to pay attention. Examples Two classic examples of the incredible power of repetition are Mark Antonys They are all honorable men speech in Shakespeares Julius Caesar （3.2）, and Martin Luther King, Jr.s I have a dream speech at the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963. classification Immediate repetition 连续反复 the way words, phrases or sentences are repeated without intervals Intermittent repetition 间隔反复 the way the repeated words, phrases or sentences are separated by some other words, phrases or sentences. Anaphora 首语反复 the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses or clauses Hillary Clinton’s speech to the 1996 Democratic National Convention is a good example: “To raise a happy, healthy, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes clergy; it takes business people; it takes community leaders; it takes those who protect our health and safety. It takes all of us.” Anaphora Webster 1 : repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect Lincolns “we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground” is an example of anaphora 2 : use of a grammatical substitute (as a pronoun or a pro-verb) to refer to the denotation of a preceding word or group of words also : the relation between a grammatical substitute and its antecedent 逆指，后照应 If you dont want to iron my shirt, Ill do it. Epiphora/epistrophe尾语反复 repetition of the ends of two or more successive sentences, verses, etc. Epiphora One of the best-known examples is in Abraham Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address in which he speaks of government “of the people, by the people,