宾从if状从讲义.doc

宾语从句、If引导的条件状语从句复习 宾语从句的三个要点：引导词、时态、语序 引导词 2、语序 宾语从句都是陈述语序，由一般疑问句和特殊疑问句转化成的宾语从句，语序要变成陈述语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他。 注意 对于连接代词what/ who/ whom/ whose/ which做引导词的宾语从句， 如果what /who( whom ) /which+n./whose+n. 在特殊疑问句中充当宾语，那么特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，语序需变成陈述语序，即引导词+主语+谓语+其他 如果what /who /which+n./whose+n. 在特殊疑问句中充当主语，那么特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，语序不变，因为此时在从句中，连接代词既作引导词又作主语，所以此时语序为引导词（主语）+谓语+其他。 例如： Who(whom) did Sally beat in the competition this afternoon? Well find out who( whom) Sally beat in the competition this afternoon. Who won the competition this afternoon? Well find out who won the competition this afternoon. 3、时态 主句 从句 例句 现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时） 时态不变 “主现从不限” He says (that) he studies English every day. He says (that) he is studying English now. He says (that) he will study English tomorrow. He says (that) he studied English five days ago. He says (that) he has studied English for five years. He says (that) he was studying English from 8:00 to 9 :00 yesterday evening. 过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时） 时态改成相应的过去时 “主过从过” He said( that) he studied English every day. He said( that) he would study English tomorrow. He said( that) he studied English five days ago. He said( that) he had studied English for five years. He said( that) he was studying English from 8:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening. 注意 当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时。 例如： He says ( said ) that the earth __________ ( go ) around the sun. He says ( said ) that it _______ ( be ) better to give than to . 注意以下这种结构： Could you tell me when I can leave ? Would you tell me where the hospital is? “could”和“would”表委婉语气，不是指过去时, 所以从句时态不受限制。 当从句中出现具体的过去的时间，即使主句的时态是过去时，从句的时态保持不变。如： I was born in 1990. I told him I was born in 1990. He studied English five days ago. He said he studied English five days ago. He was studying English from 8:00 to 9 :00 yesterday evening. He said he was studying English from 8:00 to 9 :00 yesterday evening. 4、引导词+to do 当宾语从句中主句和从句的主语相同，宾语从句可转换成相应的引导词（whether/what/who/when/where/how/why)+to