贫穷经济的奇蹟-从穷人银行谈孟加拉的发展.ppt

15.0 If we come to know of any breach of discipline in any centre, we shall all go there and help restore discipline. 16.0 We shall take part in all social activities collectively. 簡報完畢, 敬請指教! 貧窮經濟的奇蹟-從窮人銀行談孟加拉的發展 簡麗環 遙遠而陌生的國度-孟加拉 機會主義者的樂園？ 冒險家的天堂？ 窮人的地獄？ 投資者的新大陸？ 孟加拉人民共和國 成立於 1972年1月 。 2012年孟加拉人口約為1.9億人，且為世界人口第八多的國家。 孟加拉屬開發中國家，平均個人平均所得僅641美元。 面積 143,998 平方公里 首都 達卡 (Dhaka) 氣候 亞熱帶氣候，溫暖濕潤，降雨量大，5月中旬至10月為季風期 時差 慢2小時 語言 孟加拉語(Bangla) 貨幣 塔卡(Dhaka) 黃麻曾經為孟加拉主要的經濟來源，於第二次世界大戰至1940年代後期達到高峰，達到世界出口量的80% 。 近年主要出口商品為：成立（約75%）、冷凍食品（主要為凍蝦）、黃麻及其製品、皮革及製品（三項合計約15%），茶葉，化肥，陶瓷餐具等。 5-24歲適齡學生入學率57%，教師人數17萬。孟識字率為62.66%，其中男性為65.94%，女性為58.69%，成人識字率為54.80%。 孟加拉有49.8％的人口生活在貧困線以下，其中33.4％為極度貧困人口。孟加拉屬開發中國家，平均個人平均所得僅641美元。 A Short History of Grameen Bank The origin of Grameen Bank can be traced back to 1976 when Professor Muhammad Yunus, Head of the Rural Economics Program at the University? of Chittagong, launched an action research project to examine the possibility of designing a credit delivery system to provide banking services targeted at the rural poor. The Grameen Bank Project (Grameen means rural or village in Bangla language) came into operation with the following objectives: extend banking facilities to poor men and women; eliminate the exploitation of the poor by money lenders; create opportunities for self-employment for the vast multitude of unemployed people in rural Bangladesh; bring the disadvantaged, mostly the women from the poorest households, within the fold of an organizational format which they can understand and manage by themselves; andreverse the age-old vicious circle of low income, low saving low investment, into virtuous circle of low income, injection of credit, investment, more income, more savings, more investment, more income. The action research demonstrated its strength in Jobra (a village adjacent to Chittagong University) and some of the neighboring villages during 1976-1979. With the sponsorship of the central bank of the country and suppo