Sequences.PDF

Abdominal MRI: Protocol Optimization and Choice of Sequences Shahid M. Hussain, MD, PhD Professor of Radiology Director of Body MRI University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA ******************************************************************************************** Introduction Over the past decade, body MR imaging has undergone tremendous development. These development concern 1) the introduction of the higher field MRI magnets such as 3.0T; 2) faster and novel sequences such as Dixon-based and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI); 3) further optimization and incorporation of DWI into the daily clinical protocols; 4) introduction of newer contrast media with dual hepatobiliary and renal excretion such as Gadobenate (MultiHance) and Gadoxetate (Eovist); and 5) development of MR imaging-based biomarkers of disease activity that include apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC), quantification of fat and iron in the liver, MR elastography, and perfusion parameters for tumor treatment response. These developments have significantly improved body MRI and have provided opportunities for newer research. At the same time, for many radiologists and technologists, it has become even more challenging to construct optimal body MRI protocols that can be used for daily clinical practice. The description below will focus on the liver MRI protocol. During the presentation, other