姓氏可影响职业选择1托福阅读机经背景.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料姓氏可影响职业选择一托福阅读机经背景 A persons surname can influence their career, experts claim A person’s surname can influence their choice of career, experts believe. 专家认为，一个人的姓氏会对其职业选择产生影响。 Scientists are exploring the theory that people are drawn to certain trades and professions based on the connotations of their surnames. 科学家正在探讨的理论是，人们会根据自己姓氏的寓意被特定的行业和职业所吸引。 The phenomenon can be observed among famous figures such as the World champion sprinter Usain Bolt or the 18th century poet William Wordsworth. 这一现象可以从一些名人身上观察到，如世界短跑冠军尤塞恩?博尔特和18世纪的诗人威廉?华兹华斯。 However, serious research is now being dedicated to the concept – known as nominative determinism – to explain why it occurs. 不过，科学家现在对这一概念进行了严肃认真的研究来解释为什么会发生这种现象，并称之为“姓名决定论”。 New Scientist magazine coined the term after observing that the subject matter of a series of science books and articles bore relevance to the authors’ surnames. 《新科学家》杂志注意到一系列科学书籍和文章中的主题多和作者的姓氏相关联，从而造出了“姓名决定论”一词。 John Hoyland, the magazine’s feedback editor, said: “A reader wrote in to tell me that they’d come across a paper on incontinence in theBritish Journal of Urology which was written by J W Splatt and D Weedon. 杂志的反馈报告编辑约翰?霍伊兰德说：“一个读者写信到杂志来告诉我，他们在《英国泌尿学杂志》上看见了一篇有关大小便失禁的论文，作者是J W Splatt(与‘溅泼’splatter相近)和D Weedon(与‘撒尿’wee相近)。 “I had noticed, as it happens, on the same day in the office, a book on the arctic called Pole Positions: The Polar Regions and the Future of the Planet, by Daniel Snowman. “碰巧的是，就在同一天上班期间，我注意到一本关于北极的书《极地位置：极地地区和地球的未来》作者是丹尼尔?斯诺曼(雪人)。 “These two things went together in my mind and I thought there’s something going on here.” “这两件事在脑中叠加在一起，于是我想，这里面一定有什么奥秘。” Research is now being undertaken in search of an explanation for the phenomenon. A paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology has concluded that people are disproportionately likely to “choose careers whose labels resemble their names”. 目前科学家正在进行研究，以找到能解释这一现象的答案。一篇发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的论文得出结论说，有相当多的一部分人倾向