《财务管理》（英文版） 12.ppt

Chapter 12 Capital Budgeting and Estimating Cash Flows Capital Budgeting and Estimating Cash Flows The Capital Budgeting Process Generating Investment Project Proposals Estimating Project “After-Tax Incremental Operating Cash Flows” What is Capital Budgeting? The process of identifying, analyzing, and selecting investment projects whose returns (cash flows) are expected to extend beyond one year. The Capital Budgeting Process Generate investment proposals consistent with the firm’s strategic objectives. Estimate after-tax incremental operating cash flows for the investment projects. Evaluate project incremental cash flows. The Capital Budgeting Process Select projects based on a value-maximizing acceptance criterion. Reevaluate implemented investment projects continually and perform postaudits for completed projects. Classification of Investment Project Proposals 1. New products or expansion of existing products 2. Replacement of existing equipment or buildings 3. Research and development 4. Exploration 5. Other (e.g., safety or pollution related) Screening Proposals and Decision Making 1. Section Chiefs 2. Plant Managers 3. VP for Operations 4. Capital Expenditures Committee 5. President 6. Board of Directors Estimating After-Tax Incremental Cash Flows Cash (not accounting income) flows Operating (not financing) flows After-tax flows Incremental flows Basic characteristics of relevant project flows Estimating After-Tax Incremental Cash Flows Ignore sunk costs Include opportunity costs Include project-driven changes in working capital net of spontaneous changes in current liabilities Include effects of inflation Principles that must be adhered to in the estimation Tax Considerations and Depreciation Generally, profitable firms prefer to use an accelerated method for tax reporting purposes (MACRS). Depreciation and the MACRS Method Everything else equal, the greater the depreciation charges, the lower the taxes paid by the firm. Depreciat