第1章：有机化合物分子的结构基础.ppt

第一章 有机化合物分子的结构基础 第一章重点讲解问题 1. 简要回顾有机化学的形成，并回答有机化学是怎样的一门学科 2. 价键理论基础回顾和分子轨道理论简介 3. 杂化轨道理论与有机化合物结构特点 4. 有机化合物的基本骨架和官能团 5. 有机化合物的结构与性质的关系 1、价键 2、非共价力 3、立体结构 6. 质子酸碱和路易斯酸碱理论 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 1. History In 1770, Swedish chemist Torberm Bergman was the first to express the difference between “organic” and “inorganic”substances 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 Organic ---- derived from living organism Originally, Study of compounds extracted from living organisms and their natural products 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 Vital force theory: Organic compounds needs a “vital force” to create them 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 In 1828, Fridrich Wohler convert the “inorganic” salt ammonium cyanate into the “organic” substance urea 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 Wohler’s synthesis led to the realization that molecules found in nature can be described, handled, and synthesized in the same way as minerals and metals. What an astounding insight----that atoms and molecules move freely between the living and nonliving worlds, that the living and nonliving share fundamental attributes that can be studied. With this discovery, organic chemistry was born. 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 作业 1： 查阅有关书籍和文献，了解有机化学的发展历史和趋势。并就发展历史中可以称之为里程碑的一个发现作介绍和评述。 字数要求在1500字以内,第六周周三交 1.1 有机化学及其发展历史和趋势 2. Definition of Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Question: Why is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to the study of carbon-containing compounds? Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds The answer is : Carbon-containing compounds makes life possible We need carbon-containing compounds in nature for our food, medicines, clothing, and energy We depend on millions of synthetic carbon -contaning compounds in our daily life Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Question: What makes carbon so special? Why are there so many carbon-containing compounds? Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of Carbon Compounds Please