4ChapterThree选词法.docVIP

English- Lecturer：Seo (徐英 Chapter Three :Diction Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Choice of Grammatical Meanings Part 3: Choice of Affective Meanings Part 4: Choice of Contextual Meanings Part 5: Choice of Collocative Meanings Part 6: Choice of Ambiguous Meanings Part 7: Choice of Extended Meanings Part 8: Assignments Introduction keywords Diction: the choice of words and phrases to express meaning Denotation: the direct, explicit meaning or reference of a word or term. （词等的）指示意义，本义 Connotation: idea or notion suggested by or associated with a word, phrase, etc. in addition to its explicit meaning, or denotation 内涵意义，隐含意义；转义 (p67) E.g. storm（n.） Denotation: a rough weather condition with wind, rain, and often lightning. 使用本义的词不论出现在怎样的上下文中，其意义均固定不变。 E.g. 1.The islanders were warned that a storm was coming. 岛民们已经得到警报，暴风雨即将来临。 2.The forecast says there will be storms. 预报称将有暴风雨。 Connotation: 3.But his last words brought on another storm. 可是，他最后的言辞引起了激烈的反响。 4.The book provoked a storm of controversy. 这本书挑起了一场热烈的争论。 5.Her singing took New York by storm. 她的歌唱在纽约引起了轰动。 6.We thought that they had decided not to get married but their quarrel was just a storm in a teacup. 我们想他们已经决定不结婚了，可是，他们的争吵不过是小题大做而已。 Features of Connotative meaning 1) Connotative meaning is the intensional meaning which a word suggests or implies. Brain-storming: e.g. mother: home: 2) Connotative meaning is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual. e.g. ‘喜鹊’in Chinese is associative with ‘happiness, luck’ whereas ‘magpie’ in English is associative with ‘gossip’. Owl: bad luck in Chinese, calmness, wisdom in English. Questions: *What connotations do the word ‘atomic’ might have for each of the following people? 1.?A scientist working a project to develop individual uses for nuclear power 2.?A Japanese resident of Hiroshima(广岛) Answers: positive associations--benefit, ener