工商管理专业英语UNIT1.ppt

UNIT1 The evolution of management as a field of study Glossary Evolution Generalize autobiography memoir extremely anthropologist Perspective turnover approach contingency dynamic confrontation incur Compromise interdependent characteristic popularity sole reliance sufficient Alliance demographic complement 1、The managers described their own experiences and tried to (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations. 管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用在类似的情况下。 2、Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs） of men and women who are or have been practicing managers. 甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。 3、According to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations. 根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产和运营的任务。 4、During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management —classical ,behavioral ,and management science . 在过去的30年中,人们试图将古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融合为一个整体。 5、The contingency approach ,stresses that the correctness of a managerial practice is (contingent) on how it fits the particular situation in which it is applied . 权变方法，强调管理实践的正确性取决于它是否适合特定的应用情况。 6、In solving problems ,managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a (dynamic) whole and must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decisions . 在使用系统方法解决问题时,管理者必须把组织作为一个动态的整体,必须设法预测影响他们决定的预期因素和意外因素。 7、The age-old confrontation between the production objective of low costs and the marketing objective of a broad product line is a good example of the interrelated nature of management problems .Each objectives (confli