中考短语、词组归纳.docVIP

类别：教学方法?|?添加到搜藏?|?浏览(15)?|?评论?(1)??中考短语、词组归纳? 2008年09月23日?星期二?上午?09:42? 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：??一、动词+介词?? 1．look?at?看?，look?like???看上去像??，??look?after??照料???2．listen?to?听???? 3．welcome?to?欢迎到????4．say?hello?to??向??问好??5．speak?to?对??说话?? 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：?? This?is?my?new?bike.?Please?look?it?after.(×)??This?is?my?new?bike.?Please?look?after?it.(√)??二、动词+副词?? “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：??A．动词（vt.）+副词?? 1．put?on?穿上?2．take?off脱下?3．write?down记下?? 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：?? First?listen?to?the?tape,?then?write?down?the?answer/write?the?answer?down.?(√)?? First?listen?to?the?answer,?then?write?down?it.(×)??First?listen?to?the?answer,?then?write?it?down.(√)??B．动词（vi）+副词。?? 1．come?on赶快?2．get?up起床?3．go?home回家?4．come?in进来?5．sit?down坐下?6．stand?up起立?? 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。??三、其它类动词词组?? 1.close?the?door?2.1ook?the?same?3.go?to?work/class?4.be?ill?5.have?a?look/seat?6.have?supper?7.1ook?young?8.go?shopping?9.watch?TV/games?10.?play?games??介词短语聚焦?? “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。?? 1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着??。如：in?English，in?the?hat?? 2．in?+?Row/?Team/?Class/?Grade等，表示“在??排/队/班级/年级”等。??3．in?the?morning/?afternoon/?evening/?表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。?? 4．in?the?desk/?pencil-box/bedroom?等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。??5．in?the?tree表示“在树上?(非树本身所有)”；on?the?tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There?are?some?in?the?tree.?There?are?many?apples?on?the?trees.?? 6．in?the?wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on?the?wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re?four?windows?in?the?wall,?and?there?is?a?map?on?the?back?wall.?? 7．at?work（在工作）/at?school（上学）/at?home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。?? 8．at?+?时刻表示钟点。如：at?six,?at?half?,?past?ten.??9．like?this/that表示方式，意为“像??这/那样”。?? 10．of短语表示所属关系。如：a?picture?of?a?classroom,?a?map?of?China.??11．behind/?beside/?near/?under+?名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/?near?the?door,?under/?behind?the?tree.?? 12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从??”，后者意为“到??”。如：from?one?to?ten,?(go)?to?school/?bed/?work.?? 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on?duty,?after?breakfast,?at?night,?at?the?door,?in?the?middle,?in?the?sky,?on?one’s?b