第六章 翻译的基本技巧.pptx第6组.pptx

第六章 翻译的基本技巧;一、转性与变态;1.从实践来看，英汉语的词性转换也有一定的规律：英语比较喜欢多用名词和介词，汉语则是动词多一点。因此，词性的转换多表现在名词、介词变动词上。例如： (1).The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion, and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy. 她们首先倾诉了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐高兴的一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花。 (2).Father passed his hand over his face. 父亲用手摸了摸脸。;2.一般来说，英语比汉语更喜欢使用被动语态，因此，在英译汉的过程中，原文中的不少被动语态需要作出转换处理。这里有三种方式： (1).将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句，主要是把原文中处于主语位置的受事者变成宾语，而将施事者改作主语。例如：They were attended from morning to night by female helpers, wives and nurses and secretaries. 从早到晚，都有妻子、护士，秘书这样的女帮手服侍他们。 (2).将英语的被动句转换成汉语的被动句。大体可分为两类：一类是不带表示被动意义的标记，另一类是带有表示被动意义的标记。例如： 1.The task was done, not free from further blunders…课上完了，做学生的并没有根绝错误。。。 ;2.And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for…她们大家，不仅各个身上都给太阳晒得暖烘烘的，而且人人心里都有一个小太阳。。。 (3).采取某种特殊的变通手段，“消解”原文中的被动语态。这主要指改变原文的措词或表达方式，化被动句为非被动句。例如： Each year. More than 250,000,000 items of Levi’s clothing are sold.每年，李维服装的销售量超过2.5亿件。;二、增补与省略;三.正译与反译;（二）举例 1.正说转反说。在英语中，诸如avoid, cease, deny, fail, hate, ignore, miss, overlook, pass, prevent, stop 之类的形容词，absence, aversion, failure, refuse 之类的名词，absent, far(from), free(from), little 之类的形容词，out, too(… to) 之类的副词，above, beyond, instead of 之类的介词，before, rather than 之类的连接词，都属于“正说类”词汇，但译成汉语时，有时却要“正说反译”。;(1).Another person runs to avoid doing anything else, to dodge a decision about how to lead his life or a realization that his life is leading nowhere.另一个人跑步则是为了避而不做别的事，不对如何生活作出决定，不去感受自己生活碌碌无为。 (2).They were of course all intending to be surprised; but their astonishment was beyond their expectation…当大家都做好了惊讶的准备，但却没有料到会惊讶到这个地步…… ;2. 反说转正说。英文中一些表示否定概念的词语，在翻译时也可根据汉语的行为习惯，转换成肯定的说法。 (1).Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this person, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of “social usefulness.”即便如此，我仍然坚持认为，对个人而言，最重要的莫过于这种根植于个人心灵深处的是非感，以及坚决按这种是非感行事的决心，而不是