美国文学现实主义文学.ppt

Part IVThe Literature of Realism 美国现实主义文学 (1860-1914) Historical Introduction Literary Movements between the Civil War and the First World War The Establishment of American Poetry Rise of the American Novel Literature on the Black 美国资本主义大工业迅猛发展,迫使原住民离乡背井,这幅图画展示的就是“镀金时代”的景象 II Literary Movements between the Civil War and the First World War 1. American Realism 2. American Naturalism 3. Local Colorism 1.American Realism Representatives of American Realism Mark Twain 马克·吐温 William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯 Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯 2.American Naturalism Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism in novels, stories and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. 2.American Naturalism Features of American Naturalism A post-Darwinian movement ( the survival of the fittest )of the late 19th century Naturalism applies the principles of scientific determination to fiction. The world is amoral; Men and women have no free will; their lives are controlled by heredity and the environment Religious “truths” are illusory The destiny of humanity is misery in life and oblivion in death. (pessimism and deterministic ideas) 2.American Naturalism 2.1 The major writers of American Naturalism Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克莱恩 Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺里斯 Jack London 杰克·伦敦 Henry Adams 亨利·亚当斯 Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞 Local Colorism Local colorism is dependent upon a specific geographical location. Local colorists give emphasis to the local details by tapping into its folklore, history, mannerism, custom, beliefs and speech. Dialects peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. III The Establishment of American Poetry Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼 (1819-1892) I. Reputation One of the most original and inspiring American poets “ An American bard at last! One of the roughs, large, proud