culture and languaage课件.pptVIP

The Role of Language in Intercultural Business Communication New Words At best 在最好的情况下；即便作最乐观的估计，就最乐观的一面看，从最好的角度来看 Implication [,impli‘kei??n] n. 暗示；牵连，卷入；含义 Literally [‘lit?r?li] adv. 逐字地；照字面地 Label [‘leibl] vt. 标注；贴标签于 n. 标签；商标；签条 Frustrate [fr?s‘treit] vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 vi. 失败；受挫 Connotation [,k?n?u‘tei??n] n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等） Loner [‘l?un?] . n. 孤独的人；不合群的动物 Intonation pattern [,int?‘nei??n] 语调模式 Rhetorical [rit?rik?l, -t?:-] adj. 修辞学的；修辞的；夸张的 a.Language and cultural are interwined and are shaping each other.Language is not neutral codes and grammatical rules. b.Culture influence language and language influences culture in a number of ways. To Westerners, “running dog” has a positive meaning since the word “dog”, in most cases, is associated with an image of an animal pet－the favorite friend, thus they have the phrases “lucky dog”（幸运儿）, “top dog”（胜利者）, “old dog”（老手）, “gay dog”（快乐的人） and it is usually used to describe everyday life and behavior, as in “Love me, love my dog”（爱屋及乌），“Every dog has its day”（凡人皆有得意日）. But in Chinese“走狗”refers to a lackey, an obsequious person. Since Chinese associates derogatory meaning to the character“狗” depending on the cultural difference, Chinese has such expressions as “狗东西”，“狗腿子”，“狗仗人势”，“狗胆包天”，“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”，“狼心狗肺”，“痛打落水狗”，“狗急跳墙”.?  Language reflects the environment in which we live .We lable things that are around us.For example ,the English on sport, notably on the crazy cricket words, the French on wines and cheeses, the Arabs on camels, Eskimos on snows and Chinese on food and cooking, b. Language as a reflection of values (1) group harmony (2) Competition (3) seniority, (4) cooperation, (5) privacy (6) Openness (7) Equality (8) formality (9) risk-taking (10) reputation, (11) Freedom (12) family (13) Relationship (14) self-reliance (15) Time (16) group consensus (17) Authority (18) material possession (19) Spirituality (20) group achievement Family Nowadays in America, the problem of “family