初中英语：语法知识虚拟语气 第十节.docx

美联英语提供：初中英语：语法知识虚拟语气第十节两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0词类、句子成分和构词法第十节 虚拟语气虚拟语气是说话人为表示一种假设的情况或一种主观的愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实或主观设想时所用的语气。 虚拟语气的形式与用法： 1．有一类虚拟语气的形式称为be型虚拟式，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形(或should+动词原形)。 以下几种情况必须用be型虚拟式：1)一些表示命令，要求，决定，建议等概念的动词后由that引导的宾语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。这类动词有：ask (要求)，advise(建议)，command (命令)，decide (决定)，demand (命令)，insist (坚持)，move (提议)，order (命令)，propose (提议)，recommend (建议)，request (要求)，require (要求)，suggest (建议)，urge (极力主张)。例如：We strongly suggest that he (should) be told about it earlier．The doctor insisted that his patient take it easy for three months．I require that they come by ten．I recommended that each competitor receive $100．The judge ordered that the witness tell the truth．2)一些表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念后的主语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。此类词主要有：It is necessary, essential (重要的)，advisable(应该的)，appropriate(合适的)，desirable (值得的)，fitting (合适的)，important (重要的), imperative (必须的)，obligatory (必须的)，proper (适当的)，strange (奇怪的)，urgent (紧要的)，vital (极重要的) that…；It is (was, has been) suggested (decided，desired，ordered，proposed，requested) that… 例如：It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed．It is important that everybody have his health checked yearly．I think it advisable that he leave soon.It is decided that you be the first one to do the experiment．3)一些表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面由that引导的同位语从句中，通常用be型虚拟式。这类词主要有：advice，command，importance，idea，insistence，motion (提议)，necessity，order，plan，proposal (建议)，recommendation (建议)，request，requirement, resolution (决议)，suggestion，understanding (协议)。例如：My suggestion is that he be sent to help this group．4) 在lest，for fear that或in case表示“生怕，以防万一，免得”引导的从句中，从句常常用should。例如：He studied day and night，lest he should fail in the test．We darenot play jokes on him for fear that he should become angry．Be quiet in case you should wake the baby．5)某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等的语句中用be型虚拟式。例如：God bless you!God damn you!Long live Chairman Mao!Heaven forbid!2．下列两种句型，从句总是用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。1) It is (high) time that (该做……，必须做……)，丛句用一般过去时。例如：It is time that he went to b