学位论文英语摘要写作注意事项.doc

Unit 4 1. This hope is that by combining cloning with genetic engineering, scientist will be able to create a population of pigs whose organs do not trigger a rejection when transplanted into humans. 2. Although the five piglets were not genetically engineered, PPL has grown pig cells in the lab and successfully knocked out one gene responsible for initiating rejection. 3. Scientists who observed their changes over the course of 18 years say that larger lizards shrank more than smaller ones, and females shrank more than comparably sized mates. Periods of greatest shrinkage coincided with El Nino events, when food supplies were diminished. 4. If we can understand the mechanism for bone shrinkage and regrowth in lizards, the knowledge might someday be applied to reverse the debilitating conditions in humans. 5. Richard Klein, an anthropologist at Stanford University in California, said that early modern humans 100,000 years ago were confined to Africa and seemed no different from their now-extinct cousins Homo Neanderthalensis and Homo Erectus in Europe and Asia. 6. 科学家以前克隆了奶牛和山羊，但是猪已成了移植研究的核心，因为它们在生理上与人类更相似。 7. 世界上第一窝克隆猪的诞生点燃了人们的希望，即猪很快就会成为人类器官捐赠者。 8. 他把从细菌的细胞壁提取的有害物质注射到动物体内，这种毒素会使动物的免疫系统做出反应，就好像有传染病似的。 9. 哺乳动物共有基因的一个微小突变可能已改变了人类的命运。 Unit 5 Historians are more used to analyzing a mixture of ingredients, good and bad intentions, success and failure, high endeavors threatened by flaws in execution, and to balance out the sums ending with a careful plus or minus. He sought power, without pretending otherwise, and exercised it to the full. But he is singular, perhaps unique in history, in that he was never corrupted by power. As the war continued and the casualty figures grew, he found a convinced agnostic faith that there was some divine purpose in the affairs of men, though he could not define or confine the deity within any Christian confession. Without Lincoln’s presidency, the fortunes of all other nations “so convinced in liberty” would have been at risk and the r