直接引语变直接引语语法讲解.doc

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解 概念 直接引语（Direct speech）:直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内 间接引语（Indirect speech）:用自己的话转述别人的话（相当于宾语从句） 二、人称的变化人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。1.“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her. 2.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，从句要与主句的宾语保持一致。如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now? →He asked Kate how her sister was then.3.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称，从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、时态的变化　　直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。（以study 为例）： 直接引语 间接引语（跟过去相关的时态） 一般过去时 过去完成时（had studied） 一般现在时 过去时（studied） 一般将来时 过去将来时(would/should study) 现在进行时 过去进行时（was/were studying） 现在完成时 过去完成时（had studied） 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时（had been studying） 如“She’s preparing her lessons,” I said. →I said (that) she was preparing her lessons. I said to them, “He’ll get excite.” → I told them(that) he would get excited.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”,the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said，“You had better come have today.” →Peter said I had better go there that day.四、代词，状语等的变化 指示代词 this ---that 　　　these --- those时间状语　 ago---before now ---