分子生物学常考名词说明(国外英文资料).doc

分子生物学常考名词解释 B ? Half reserved copy: DNA replication, two chain untie parental DNA as a template, respectively, under the function of DNA polymerase to four kinds of nucleoside triphosphate as raw materials, according to the principle of complementary base pairing, synthesis of new double-stranded DNA molecule, one of the chain from parents, the other for the new synthesis, this way of copy reserved for half a copy. ? Asymmetric transcription: in RNA biosynthesis, a single strand of DNA as a template instructs RNA synthesis as asymmetric transcription. ? Semi-discontinuous replication: in DNA replication, the leading chain is continuously synthesized, the lagging strand is discontinuous, and the replication method is semi-discontinuous. C ? Abnormal values of C and C value: refers to the total amount of haploid DNA, creatures, from simple to complex C generally is gradually increase, but some biological because there are a large number of invalid DNA, does not conform to the rules and appear abnormal, this phenomenon is C value anomaly. ? Can manipulate genes: refers to the regulated by protein specificity combined with a DNA sequence, often associated with the promoter or adjacent overlap with the promoter sequences, if the regulatory proteins in combination with the operon sequence, will affect its downstream gene transcription. ? Overlapping genes: two or more genes that share a segment or a nucleotide as the coding sequence of their genetic information, known as overlapping genes. ? Operon: according to the behavior control, the structure of many functionally related genes in the chromosome string array, by a common control to manipulate these gene transcription. The entire nucleotide sequence containing these structural genes and control regions is known as manipulation. D ? Gene: also called discontinuous genes, refers to some genes in eukaryotes after transcription form RNA precursors, and removal of part of sequence (introns), put the rest of the sequences (