机械设计与制造的毕业论文.doc

毕 业 设 计 （说明书） 题目： 数控机床的加工与维护 姓名： 毛志朴 编号： （ ）字 号 中 国 矿 业 大 学 二0一六 年 十 月 二十 日 机械设计与制造的毕业论文 2 12数控机床的分类············································· 3 13数控机床的发展趋势········································· 5 第二章 数控加工的准备阶段········································· 9 21数控加工刀具的要求及种类··································· 9 22装夹方式和夹具的选择······································ 11 23数控铣床安全操作规程······································ 13 第三章 实例加工················································· 14 31零件图纸·················································· 14 32材料的选择················································ 14 33铣床的对刀················································ 15 34零件的加工工艺性分析······································ 15 35编制加工工艺过程·········································· 17 36编制数控刀具及加工工艺卡·································· 18 第四章 数控机床的维护············································ 20 41制订数控系统日常维护的规章制度···························· 20 42应尽量少开数控柜和强电柜的门······························ 20 43定时清扫数控柜的散热通风系统······························ 20 44经常监视数控系统用的电网电压······························ 21 45定期更换存储器用电池······································ 21 46数控系统长期不用时的维护·································· 参考文献···················································· 致谢 ····················································23 数控机床的简介 11数控机床的发展史 20世纪中期随着技术的发展自动信息处理数据处理以及电子的出现给自动化技术带来了新的概念用数字化信号对机床运动及其加工过程进行控制推动了机床自动化的发展　 采用数字技术进行机械加工最早是在40年代初由美国北密支安的一个小型飞机承包商派尔逊斯公司ParsonsCorporation实现的他们在制造飞机的框架及直升飞机的转动机翼时利用全数字电子计算机对机翼加工路径进行数据处理并考虑到刀具直径对加工路线的影响使得加工精度达到±00381mm±00015in达到了当时的最高水平 　　1952年麻省理院在一台立式铣床上装上了一套试验性的数控系统成功地实现了同时控制三轴的运动这台数控机床被大家称为世界上第一台数控机床 　 这台机床是一台试验性机床到了1954年11月在派尔逊斯专利的基础上第一台工业用的数控机床由美国本迪克斯公司Bendix-Cooperation正式生产出来 　 在此以后从1960年开始其他一些工业国家如德国日本都陆续开发生产及使用了数控机床 　 数控机床中最初出现并获得使用的是数控铣床因为数控机床能够解决普通机床难于胜任的需要进行轮廓加工的曲线或曲面零件  然而由于当时的数控系统采用的是电子管体积庞大功耗高因此除了在军事部门使用外在其他行业没有得到推广使用 　 到了1960年以后点位控制的数控机床得到了迅速的发展因为点位控制的数控系统比起轮廓控制的数控系统要简单