COA课件02.ppt

防抱死制动系统 书上的表格2-7 * William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 2Computer Evolution and Performance 发展 性能 1.ENIAC电子数字积分计算机 （Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer） The world’s first general-purpose electronic digital computer Designed by Mauchly and Eckert Began in1943, finished in 1946, disassembled in 1955 Weighing 30tons, occupying 1500 square feet, containing more than 18000 vacuum tubes, consuming 140 kilowatts of power, being capable 5000 addition per second The major drawback : programmed manually by setting switches and plugging and unplugging cables Decimal system tedious §2.1 A Brief History of Computers  G1: vacuum tubes 真空管(1946-1957) 2.The von Neumann Machine Stored-program concept —Be developed by von Neumann and Turing —Program(steps of operating) can be coded and stored in main memory like data IAS computer consists of the following: —Main memory —ALU —Control unit —I/O Began in 1946, not be completed until 1952 IAS computer is the prototype of all subsequent general-purpose computer Page 17(18) 冯·诺依曼 Structure of von Neumann machine IAS details(1) – Memory Formats 1000 x 40 bit words Binary number 2 x 20 bit instructions IAS details(1) – Memory Formats Page 19(21) 符号位 操作码 IAS details(2) – Registers Set of registers (storage in CPU) Memory Buffer Register(MBR) Memory Address Register (MAR) Instruction Register (IR) Instruction Buffer Register (IBR) Program Counter (PC) Accumulator (AC) Multiplier Quotient (MQ) 存储器缓冲寄存器 存储器地址寄存器 指令寄存器 指令缓冲寄存器 程序计数器 累加器 乘商寄存器 Page 20(21) 3.Commercial Computers 商用计算机 Sperry In 1947, Eckert and Mauchly manufacture computer commercially UNIVACⅠused to scientific and commercial application UNIVACⅡ, UNIVAC 1100 series IBM in 1953,IBM 701—first electronic stored-program computer, used to scientific in 1955,IBM 702—used to business G2: transistors 晶体管(1958-1964) Table 2.2 Computer Generations In 1947,Bell Labs invented transistor, then launched an electron