Chapter2-Diction和公示语.ppt

Chapter 2 Diction 正确选词 What is diction? Diction means the choice of words and phrases to express meaning. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. In both Chinese and English, there are many muitl-meaning words and words with the same or similar meaning. In translation, we should choose the most suitable words. Choose the most suitable words in the context如何确定词义？ 根据词所在的上下文，即语言语境。 根据词所处的非语言语境 （即：文化语境） 查字典或利用网络资源超找词的各种词义和用法并确定最佳表达。 例句补充——英译汉 1. We all have shortcomings as well as good points. 人人都有优缺点。 2.You can never tell what will happen. 谁也无法预料会发生什么事。 3. Why, he didn’t even figure then. 哼，那时候他还算不上老几呢。 He has plenty of go in him. 他有的是精力。 Mary blew out all the candles on the cake at one go. 玛丽一口气把蛋糕上的蜡烛全吹灭了。 These brightly coloured skirts are all the go this summer. 这些颜色鲜艳的裙子今年夏天很流行。 I respect them, as they are good citizens, good husbands and good fathers. 我尊敬他们，因为他们是守法的公民，尽职的丈夫，慈祥的父亲。 Old friends and old wine are the best. 老友情最深，老酒味最醇。 Pay attention to the classes of words (词类) Come, tell me all about. 喂，把事情全告诉我。（句中come是感叹词） Come, come, John, nobody else will never have the nerve to do what I’m doing. 得了，得了，约翰，我现在做的事谁也没有胆量做。 （句中come是感叹词） Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 烦恼未来莫自忧，待到来时再言愁。（第一个和第四个trouble是动词，第二、第三个trouble是名词） Pay attention to the context of a word and the collocation e.g. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那种事。 He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜找他商量。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 Pay attention to the extension of the words 在翻译过程，有时会遇到这样的情况，词典上对一个词的所有释义在上下文里都不适用。如照搬辞典上的意义，会是译文晦涩难懂，或者不符合汉语的表达习惯，甚至逻辑不通。这时就需要从词的基本意义出发，根据上下文引申出新义来。词的引申有三种方法。 From the concrete meaning to the abstract meaning Let the sleeping dogs lie. 不要惹是生非。 You will have to keep off her. She’s a snake in the grass. 你可要躲着她点，她是个害人精。 In old Ch