《中国传统文化》英文版4.五经.ppt

中国古典十大名曲 平沙落雁 逸士胸怀鸿鹄之志——《平沙落雁》 据说《平沙落雁》是近三百年来流传最广的古琴曲，现存的琴谱就达五十余种。 《平沙落雁》最早的版本载于明代崇祯七年（1634）刊印的《古音正宗》。《古音正宗》这样解题《平沙落雁》： 逸士胸怀鸿鹄之志——《平沙落雁》 “盖取其秋高气爽，风静沙平，云程万里，天际飞鸣。借鸿鸪之远志，写逸士之心胸也。……通体节奏凡三起三落。初弹似鸿雁来宾，极云霄之缥缈，序雁行以和鸣，倏隐倏显，若往若来。其欲落也，回环顾盼，空际盘旋；其将落也，息声斜掠，绕洲三匝，其既落也，此呼彼应，三五成群，飞鸣宿食，得所适情：子母随而雌雄让，亦能品焉。” 借鸿鸪之远志，写逸士之心胸 孔子云：“天下有道则见，无道则隐。” 孟子曰：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。” “大隐隐于朝，中隐隐于市，小隐隐于野” 。 从这个角度来看，《平沙落雁》的曲中之音和曲外之意，包涵了对怀才不遇而欲取功名者的励志，和对因言获罪而退隐山林者的慰藉。 第三讲　五经 The Five Classics The Book of Poetry / Songs, The Book of History, The Rites, The Book of Changes, The Spring and Autumn Annals. (The Book of Music) 不学《诗》，无以言 The Book of Songs The Book of Poetry 陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？” 对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学诗乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学礼乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。” 陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三，闻诗，闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也。”（卷八　季氏第十六） The Book of Songs 　　　关 雎 关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 窈窕淑女，君子好逑。 参差荇菜，左右流之。 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。 求之不得，寤寐思服。 悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。 参差荇菜，左右采之。 窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。 参差荇菜，左右芼之。 窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。 The Book of Poetry The Book of Poetry, the first major collection of Chinese poems, comprises 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty (the 11th century B.C. — 771 B.C.) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 B.C. — 476 B.C.), over a span of approximately 500 years. Therefore it is also known as The Book of 300 Poems. The Book of Poetry According to the musical criteria, The Book of Poetry falls into three categories, viz. feng or folk songs, ya or odes, and song or hymns. Feng refers to local songs, or folk songs collected mainly from the dukedoms, which reflects to a certain degree the local practices and customs, hence guo feng, meaning folk songs of the dukedoms. There are altogether 160 songs collected from 15 dukedoms. The Book of Poetry Ya, composed of 105 odes, can be divided into major festal songs and minor festal songs. They are said to be regular music, traditionally sung at court festivities, ceremonies, banquets and other solemn occasions. Song or hymns are the dance music sung at sacrifices of a