4 英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中)--6.长句的译法.pdf

4.6 Translation of English Long Sentences 英语长句的翻译 Contents 1 英语长句的分析方法 2 英语长句的译法 3 练习 1.英语长句的分析 在英语文章中，特别是科技和文学作品中，经常出现结构复杂的 长句子，在一个主句中包含多个从句。 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多; (2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用 下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的 引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示 条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修 饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had no food for two days. 分析： 1 ）I met a boy是主句（主语+过去式+宾语）； 2) who was crying… (and) said是定语从句，修饰boy; 3) as if his heart would break是方式状语从句，修饰was crying; 4) that he was hungry是said的宾语从句； 5) because he had no food for two days是hungry的原因状语从句； 6) when I spoke to him是介于said和that he was hungry because之间的 插入语； 7) crying as if his heart would break应译为“哭得伤心极了”。 译文：在非洲，我遇到一个哭得很伤心的男孩。于是我问了他，他说他 饿，他已经两天没吃东西了。 The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from Seven to thirteen. 分析： 1) The school，…，consisted of one class of twenty four boys是主句（主+谓+宾）； 2) he said为插入语； 3) ranging from seven to thirteen为现在分词短语，作定语， 修饰boys。 译文：他说，学校只有一个班，共24名男生，年龄从七岁到 十三岁不等。 Two Stages and Five Steps Stage I Comprehension Stage II Presentation Stage I Comprehension Step 1: presenting the long sentence in a skeleton form Step 2: inferring the main idea from the context and the whole text Step 3: distinguishing between the principal and subordinate elements （主句及从句）and find out the interrelations between principal and subordinate clauses Stage II Presentation Step 4: entering on a tentative translation of each sentence division Step 5: rearrangement and finishing touches