非文学翻译(口译)week16.doc

翻译讲评： Mitochondria and Genetic research Genetic research is advancing steadily, often rapidly, on many fronts. It has long been known that some disorders affect males, others affect females primarily, while still others may appear in either sex. But a few years ago researchers discovered that, even in some of the latter disorders the gravity and sometimes even the nature of disease may depend on which parent provided the faulty gene. This phenomenon is called imprinting. Although it has been detected only in rare human conditions, imprinting is a subject of intense study as researchers look for other examples. the latter disorders：disorders that may appear in either sex. imprinting遗传印记 n rare human conditions在极少数人类疾病中 基因研究正在许多方面稳步前进，而且往往进展迅速。人们早就知道，有些疾病会影响男性，其它一些疾病主要影响女性，还有一些疾病则在男女性别中都会出现。但在几年前，研究人员发现，即使在一些对男女性别都会有影响的病症中，其严重程度乃至疾病性质的性质可能取决于父母之间究竟是哪一方提供了缺陷基因。人们称这种现象为“遗传印记”。虽然遗传印记只在极少数人类疾病中被检测到，但研究人员在寻找其它例证的同时，也对遗传印记进行认真的研究。 Other scientists have forsaken the genes that reside in cell nuclei and are finding new clues to disease in the genes of what are probably our oldest and most entrenched parasites—the mitochondria—tiny, energy-generating organs inside every cell. Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of ancient bacteria that not only found a home in animal cells, but also adapted so thoroughly that they became indispensable functional parts of those cells. We inherit mitochondria only from our mothers; sperms leave their mitochondria behind when they enter the egg. Flaws in mitochondrial genes have been found to lead to certain types of blindness and epilepsy and may also contribute to some degenerative disorders, such as dementia, which are associated with aging. 其他科学家放弃了对细胞核内基因的研究，转而在人体中最为古老和根深蒂固的“寄生虫”基因里寻找疾病产生的新线索，这种“寄生虫”就是线粒体，它是存在于人体每个细胞当中极细微的能量生成器。 其他科学家放弃了对细胞核内基因的研究，转而在线粒体的基因里寻找疾病产生的新线索。线粒体也许是人体中最为古老和根深蒂固的“寄生虫”，它是存在于人体每个细胞当中极细微的能量生成器。线粒体被认为是古细菌的后代，线粒体不仅以动物细胞为宿主，而且在其中适应得如此彻底，已经成为这些细胞不可缺少的功能部分。人类只从母亲一方遗传线粒体。因为精子进入卵子时，其线粒体被遗弃了。人们已经发现，线粒体基因的缺陷可导致某些类