非谓语动词(高考语法).ppt

* (八)非谓语动词 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的句法功能 (1)不定式作主语 To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another. 此时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。 It isn’t easy for her to find a new job. (2)不定式作宾语 ①不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford， agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage， promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。 I promised not to be late. ②介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不 定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They did nothing but complain. (3)不定式作宾语补足语 ①某些动词如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require， expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg， allow，forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My doctor advised me to take a rest. ②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或 使役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补 足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带to 符号。 Did you notice anyone go into the house? Was anyone noticed to go into the house? ③某些动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可 接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而 且要用it作形式宾语。 News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world. (4)不定式作定语 Do you have the ability to read and write English? ①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词 是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Please give me a knife to cut with. ②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词 最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (5)不定式作状语 ①不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语in order to 或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest. ②不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to。 He left，never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. ③不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果： He was so careless as to forget to lock the door. ④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。 To be honest，I know nothing about it. (6)不定式作表语 The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. All I did was (to) press the button. (7)“疑问词＋不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。 When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet. I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it. 【注】　此时不可用if to do结构。 2.不定式的时态和语态 to have been done to