初三英语词组辨析.doc

A组 1. a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。 Ⅰ．二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿” “有些”。如： I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ．二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： ① A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 ② I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如： There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意] a little of 后的名词通常特指，表“……中的一些”，如： ①May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式 not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”， “非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 Ⅴ. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用；not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg: He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He didn’t fell a little tired. 2. a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如： ① Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some Don’t worry, we have a little time left. 3. across/through/ over Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”，指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如： I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从此岸到彼岸） Let’s help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。 Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过，含义与in有关。 We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。 Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时，与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越，但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across. She went across / over the bridge. He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。 She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。 They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。 另外，over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思，如：climb the mountain 翻过那座山。 4. feel like / would like Ⅰ.feel like 与wou