高中语法---定语从句.docx

定语从句专题定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词起定语作用的从句，被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词（that, who/whom, whose, which, as）或关系副词（when, where, why）引导。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。what不能引导定语从句。that不能引导非限定性定语从句。【例】Success will belong to thosewho never say “impossible”.主句 先行词 关系代词 从句定语从句的种类A限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果没有从句，先行词的意思就不明确，主句的意思也不完整。限定性定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，主句与从句之间不可用逗号隔开。That只能引导限定性定语从句。Those who wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7:50 am.想去公园的人必须在早上7:50到大门口集合。I came back for the key that I had forgotten. 我回来取我忘带的钥匙。B非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系不紧密，用逗号隔开与主句隔开，作为一种补充说明。非限定性定语从句即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. 张先生是我父亲的朋友，他昨天来看过我。The 8:30 train, which is usually very punctual, was late today. 8:30的那列火车通常是准时的，今天确晚点了。C限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系不紧密，用逗号隔开与主句隔开，作为一种补充说明。非限定性定语从句即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。类型限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，删除后影响整个主句意义的表达只是补充说明，删除后不影响整个主句意义的表达逗号作用不用逗号隔开用逗号隔开that的运用可用关系代词that不可用thatWhich/who在从句中作宾语时可否省略可省略（that在从句中作宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中作宾语时可否用that/who替代可代替不可代替是否可以修饰整个句子在从句中作宾语时可以省略that,which, whom可修饰整个句子，此时有逗号与主句隔开，只能由which或as来引导。翻译译成一个定语通常译成两个独立的句子。My sister who lives in London is a doctor. 我住在伦敦的妹妹是医生。（限定性定语从句，明确my sister指谁）。My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor. 我的妹妹是医生，她住在伦敦。（非限定性定语从句，补充说明my sister）。定语从句九大关系词总结(what可引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句)：关系词先行词从句担任成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the girl who is standing there?whom, which和that在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略。但介词提前时，介词后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that.that只能引导限定性定语从句，不能引导非限定性定语从句whom人宾语The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. Tom is the person with whom I am working.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about nature.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主语、宾语、表语A plane is a machine that can fly in the sky. She is a pop star (that) I want to see very much. He is not the man?that?he used to be.which物主语、宾语This picture which was about the accident was terrible. The phone (which) I gave you was worth $30.as 人，物主语、宾语She is such a person as is respected by all of