01-引言.docx

固定翼性能飞行测试，第Ⅲ卷第1章引言翻译：李承泽版本说明14.9.26翻译完成第一章IntroductionThe word performance means different things to different people. Certainly stock market or job performance is not related to aircraft performance so there is little chance of confusion.Within the arena of aircraft performance evaluations, however, there may be testers withconflicting definitions. Avionics testers may speak of radar performance and flying qualitiestesters may speak of roll performance. Vehicle flight testers use a more parochial description of aircraft performance: for any given (weight, power setting and flight) conditions, it is thevehicles ability to change its velocity, and its efficiency at doing so.前言“性能（performance）”这个词对不同的人有不同的含义。当然，你绝对不会将股票或工作表现（performance）同飞机性能混为一谈，因为他们毫不相关。然而，即使在飞机性能评定方面，不同的人也有不同的评定标准。航电测试员会侧重于雷达性能，飞行品质测试员可能偏向飞机滚转性能。飞行器飞行测试员对飞机的飞行性能有更加明确的描述：对任何给定条件（重量、功率设置、飞行），性能是指飞机改变速度的能力和效率。Since velocity is a vector, a velocity change can be a change of direction (a turn or apotential energy changing climb/dive), or magnitude(kinetic energy), or some combinationof them. This description implicitly eliminates any consideration of the aircrafts rolling, or yawing motion or rotational energy. Although not covered in this volume, be aware that the situation is a little different for rotary-wing aircraft since theycontain additional inertial energy in the rotor system. Any performance analysis under conditions of changing rotor speed must also consider this stored inertial energy.由于速度是一个矢量，速度的变化可以是方向（转向、爬升、俯冲）的变化，或者大小（动能）的变化，以及方向和大小变化的组合。这种描述方法意味着排除了对飞机的滚转、偏航、或者旋转能量的考虑。虽然在这卷书中不涉及这些，但是需要注意的是旋翼机和固定翼飞机不同，因为旋翼机的转子系统包含着额外的惯性能。在改变转子速度的条件下对性能的分析必须同时考虑旋转储存的惯性能。The word efficiency used above implies not just thermodynamic definitions forefficiency, but can also mean terms such as required fuel flow, fuel flow per pound of thrust, fuel flow per pound of payload or dollars per passenger seat mile at some specified flightcondition.上文中“效率”一次的含义不仅仅是热力学中对效率的定义，在一些特定飞行工况下也可以通过某些术语表述，比如“所需燃油流量”、“燃油流量每磅推