第四章 微生物的营养和培养基 47.ppt

Section D Medium（培养基） Medium is an artificial mixture containing all the six appropriated essential nutritional elements (requirements ) for the growth and reproduction or the production of metabolites of a certain microbe . (培养基是指由人工配制的\适合微生物生长繁殖或产生代谢产物用的混合营养料. 任何培养基都具备微生物生长所需要的六大营养要素 且期间的比例是合适的) 1.Principles and methods for the medium selection and designing Four principles A . Definite aim 目的明确 B. Harmony (appropriate) nutrient 营养协调 C. proper physical and chemical condition 理化适宜 pH, osmotic pressure, redox potential (氧化还原电势) D. economical 经济节约 * Chapter 4 Nutrition and medium of microbes (微生物的营养和培养基) Nutrition： the most basic physiological function for organisms to intake the energy and material that is necessary for living and reproduction from the outside environment . (营养是指生物体从外部环境中摄取对其生命活动必需的能量和物质,以满足正常生长和繁殖需要的一种最基本的生理功能.) Nutrient: it is referred to as the nutritional material including the unconventional material form——ray radiation in microbiology. (营养物则是指具有营养功能的物质,在微生物学中,它还非常规物质形式的光辐射能在内.) Nutriton and nutrient Section A six nutritional elements of microbes (微生物的六类营养要素) The chemical composition of the microorganism cells and their metabolite determines what nutrient they need. As bacteria are a very disparate group of microbes that can exist in a wide range of environments, and can be split into a number of different nutritional groups with very different prerequisites for growth, the ingredients in the medium will depend on the individual species. The common requirements of all bacteria are water, a source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, essential inorganic ions such as phosphate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron and a number of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu, Ni, W). For hete