18.国外人类记忆课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Story didn’t match British cultural stories so subjects remembered story in way that was consistent with that schema (of the stories they knew) * Story didn’t match British cultural stories so subjects remembered story in way that was consistent with that schema (of the stories they knew) * Story didn’t match British cultural stories so subjects remembered story in way that was consistent with that schema (of the stories they knew) * Story didn’t match British cultural stories so subjects remembered story in way that was consistent with that schema (of the stories they knew) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spreading Activation Model Example power castle jewel ruler prince throne royalty England crown queen king Theoretical explanations Activation-source monitoring Lure is consciously or unconsciously activated Activation is automatic High activation results in false recollection Theoretical explanations Activation-source monitoring Memories for imagined events are attributed to other source Participants think they studied items they thought about Increased familiarity Theoretical explanations Fuzzy-trace theory Information is encoded in two formats Gist - meaning Verbatim - details List memory = verbatim + gist Lure memory = gist only ? Scripts - We use knowledge about known events to fill in missing info Theoretical explanations Individual differences Young children are less susceptible to DRM paradigm Have not yet developed associations But they are easily influenced by suggestive questioning Older adults are more susceptible to the illusion Rely more on gist than verbatim traces Recovered Memories A person remembers a traumatic event from many years ago The memory was “repressed”, but is now recovered in therapy Intentional forgetting of painful or traumatic experiences L