水准泡中气泡对称性观察的实验研究.pdf

水准泡内气泡对称性观察偏差的实验研究 叶小文 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 摘要 摘要：有一类水平尺在测量微小倾角时,通过观察水准泡 内气泡与其两边标记 [1] 线的对称情况，从而大体判断被测面与理想面的角度差。因而水准泡内气泡对称 性观察造成的偏差就非常重要。人眼对称性观察不仅涉及光学，还涉及工程心理 学方面的因素。 本文从实验出发来观察气泡在两边标记线中的对称情况。文中提出了实验装 置，用装置对不同人群的观察进行取值，对所得的数值进行了探讨。实验结果表 明，人眼对气泡在两边标记线中对称情况的瞄准精度大大高于人眼分辨能力，提 出最高等级的此类水平尺的零位误差定为≤±0.09mm 较为合适。实验结果可为 制定水平尺标准以及此类水平尺的计算机在线全自动化生产提供一定的量值依 据。 Abstract: When measuring small inclination, there is a kind of level, people can roughly judge the angle of the measured surface and ideal surface by observing the symmetric of air bubble in maker lines on both sides. Hence the air bubble within bubble[1] symmetry observed deviation is very important. The symmetry of the observation of the human eye is not only involved in the optical, also involving engineering psychology factors. This paper will study the observation of bubbles in both sides of the tag line of symmetry on experiments.This paper will present the experimental setup, the value of the observation of the different groups of people using the device. Experimental results show that the aiming accuracy of symmetric situation with the human eye to bubbles in both sides of the marker line is much higher than the resolution. And appropriated the highest level of such foot level of zero error with in ± 0.09mm. The experimental results can provide a certain amount of value to standards of this kind of foot level, as well as such foot level computer online fully automated production. 关键词：水准泡；对称性；分辨率；瞄准精度；零位误差 一、前言 很多测量工作中为了读数，常用某种标志对目标进行对准或重合，例如用一 条直线与另一条直线重合，这种重合或对准的过程称为瞄准，由于受分辨率的限 制，二者完全重合是不可能的，偏离于完全重合的程度为瞄准精度。瞄准精度和 分辨率有关，但他们是两个概念。人眼的分辨角，即刚刚能分辨开的两个点对眼 睛的物方张角一般在 60″。而瞄准精度最高可达人眼分辨率的 1/2-1/5[2]，也就 是说人眼观察物体对称情况时具有更高的判别能力。 有一类测量微小倾角的仪器，如《条式和框式水平仪》 中安装的水准泡的