药大专英甘草.ppt

甘 草 Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [English Name] Liquorice Root Origins Plant Morphology Collection and Preparation Production and Commerce Description Microscopical Characters Chemical Constituents Pharmacology Action Indication Origins Since ancient times in China, it has been called the National Venerable Master (国老) because it has the merit of harmonizing and mollifying drugs in a prescription and eliminating various toxicities. It is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. , Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. , family Leguminosae. harmonize：调和 mollify：缓和 Plant Morphology Glycyrrhiza uralensis: ……covered with white pubescences, glandular scars or glandular hairs throughout. pubescences: 软毛，绒毛，到达青春期； glandular : 腺体的 乌拉尔甘草： 本品为多年生草本，高30～100 cm ，全株被有白色软毛和腺鳞或腺毛。 根茎圆柱形，主根甚长，粗壮，外皮红棕色至深棕色，味甜。 Stem erect, branchlets with ridges. Leaves pinnately compound, alternate, leaflets 7～17, ovate or broadly ovate, entire; stipules deciduous. Plant Morphology 托叶 每年落叶的 pinnately：羽状的 茎直立，小枝上有背脊。 羽状复叶互生，小叶7~17枚，卵形或宽卵形，全缘；托叶脱落。 蝶形花 花萼5裂，花瓣5，花冠多为蝶形 雄蕊10个， 9个花丝连合，一个分离，呈二体。 二体雄蕊 racemes: 总状花序 stamens: 雄蕊 calyx: 花萼 ovary： 子房 corolla: 花冠 style： 花柱 总状花序腋生，花密集，花萼钟状，5裂；花冠蝶状，紫红色或蓝紫色；雄蕊10枚，二强雄蕊；子房无柄，向上渐细，成为花柱。 Legume (pod) curved to be sickle-like, densely covered with brown prickly glandular hairs. Seeds 2～8, black, smooth. Flowering season Jun.～Jul.; fruiting season Jul.～Aug.. 荚果弯曲成镰刀状，密被黄褐色刺状腺毛。 legume：荚果 prickly: 多刺的 calcareous glasslands：钙质草原 Plant Morphology Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. : Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 3-7; Legume small, inflated. Distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu. Plant Morphology Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 19; Legume flat and straight, glabrous. Distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu. Plant Morphology 甘草主产于内蒙古、甘肃、新疆 胀果甘草、光果甘草主产于新疆、甘肃 内蒙古阿拉善旗、杭锦旗、橙口产品质最佳， 内蒙古五原、陕西、山西、新疆产者次之。 Collection and Preparation