TheUrinarySystemandMaleReproductiveSystem泌尿系统.ppt

The Urinary System泌尿系统 Composition Kidney 肾－form urine Ureter 输尿管－conduct urine from kidneys to bladder Urinary bladder 膀胱－receives and stores urine Urethra 尿道－conducts urine from bladder to exterior of body (discharged) Section1 Kidney 肾 General features Bean shaped, reddish-brown organs Superior extremity上端－broad and thin Inferior extremity下端－narrow and thick Anterior surface前面－convex Posterior surface后面－flat Lateral border外侧缘－convex Medial border－concave Renal hilum 肾门－a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney Renal pedicle肾蒂 － the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum, including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves Order of structures in the renal pedicle From anterior to posterior －V. A. P. From superior to inferior －A. V. P. Renal sinus 肾窦 The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidney Occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue Position of Kidney Lie behind the peritoneum high up on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column Upper pole nearer to media plan than lower pole Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface Right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney, at the level from the upper border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line Renal region肾区－the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae Coverings of kidney Fibrous capsule 纤维囊 －a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed Fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊 －a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring Renal fascia 肾筋膜