灭茬机的研究及设计本科论文 .doc

摘 要 推广普及秸秆还田机械化技术，是一项发展生态农业，减少环境污染，培肥地力，增加土壤有机质含量，提高农作物产量，实现农业可持续发展战略重要的具体措施，同时，秸秆就地还田也是解决禁止桔秆焚烧和浪费最有效、最快捷的途径。 本次设计是灭茬机的结构设计，以实用设计为目的。其主要内容包括灭茬机的总体设计及传动系统的构成与设计，第一对圆柱齿轮的设计与校核，第二对圆柱齿轮的设计与校核，直齿圆柱齿轮的强度计算，传动轴II的设计与校核。此外也介绍了灭茬刀具的选择和安装方案等内容。 灭茬机主要适用于埋青、秸杆还田式在大中型联合收割机作业后的稻麦高留茬的田块上进行反转灭茬、正转旋耕、三麦条播、与半精量播种、化肥深施等多种农田作业。灭茬旋耕机是在旋耕机的基础上进行机构改造而获得的，从结构上大致可分为两类：　　一是最后一级动力由中间齿轮传动，两边由侧板支撑，高低档转速通过拨挡实现，正反转通过调整圆锥齿轮的啮合方向来实现。二是侧边传动：第二轴到刀轴的传动用侧边齿轮来实现，正反转的实现通过调整圆锥齿轮的啮合方向，高低速的实现通过对调侧齿轮箱的高低速齿轮方向。侧边传动结构简单，造价低，更符合实际需要，因此本设计采用侧边传动方案。 此次设计的灭茬机利用拖拉机动力输入驱动，结构紧凑。本设计的优点：实现解决了现有旋耕机只能旋耕不能灭茬而灭茬机又只能灭不能旋耕的问题；本机相对其他选跟灭茬机来说方便拆卸，而且可用于多种农用机，密封性好；本机的制造成本较低，更有利于大规模生产，更加适合推广。 关键词：根茬还田；灭茬机；侧边传动 Abstract Popularization of straw mechanization technology, is a development of ecological agriculture, reduce environmental pollution, soil fertility, increase the soil organic matter content, increase the yield of crops, implementation of specific measures, the strategy of agricultural sustainable development important at the same time, straw in returning also solve way of straw burning and waste from the most effective, the most efficient. This design is a structure design of stubble cleaner, with a practical design for the purpose of. Its main content includes the composition and design of transmission system and stubble cleaning machine, the design and verification of cylindrical gear on the first, the design and checking calculation of the second cylindrical gears, gear strength, design and check of the transmission shaft II. In addition the stubble cleaning cutter selection and installation scheme also introduces. Stubble cleaning machine is mainly used in the field, as straw returning type rice Hamish in large and medium-sized harvester work stubble on inversion, from rotary tillage stubble, deep application of three wheat drill, and semi precision seeding, fertilizer and other farm work. Stubble rotavator is institutional transformation in the rotary cultivator basis and received, from the struc