毕业设计外文文献及译文-公交路线网络设计问题.doc

外文文献： Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review Abstract: Efficient design of public transportation networks has attracted much interest in the transport literature and practice, with many models and approaches for formulating the associated transit route network design problem _TRNDP_ having been developed. The present paper systematically presents and reviews research on the TRNDP based on the three distinctive parts of the TRNDP setup: design objectives, operating environment parameters and solution approach. Introduction Public transportation is largely considered as a viable option for sustainable transportation in urban areas, offering advantages such as mobility enhancement, traffic congestion and air pollution reduction, and energy conservation while still preserving social equity considerations. Nevertheless, in the past decades, factors such as socioeconomic growth, the need for personalized mobility, the increase in private vehicle ownership and urban sprawl have led to a shift towards private vehicles and a decrease in public transportation’s share in daily commuting (Sinha 2003; TRB 2001; EMTA 2004; ECMT 2002; Pucher et al. 2007). Efforts for encouraging public transportation use focuses on improving provided services such as line capacity, service frequency, coverage, reliability, comfort and service quality which are among the most important parameters for an efficient public transportation system (Sinha 2003; Vuchic 2004.) In this context, planning and designing a cost and service efficient public transportation network is necessary for improving its competitiveness and market share. The problem that formally describes the design of such a public transportation network is referred to as the transit route network design problem (TRNDP);it focuses on the optimization of a number of objectives representing the efficiency of public transportation networks under operational and resource constraints such as the number and length of public transportatio