土木工程专业外语 课文翻译及课后练习答案.doc

专业英语课文翻译 Lesson 4 Phrases and Expressions moisture content 含水量，含湿度; water content cement paste 水泥浆 mortar capillary tension 毛细管张力，微张力 gradation of aggregate 骨料级配 coarse fine (crushed stone, gravel) The British Code PC100 英国混凝土规范PC100; nowaday BS8110 coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系数 7. The B.S Code 英国标准规范 sustained load 永久荷载，长期荷载 permanent plastic strain 永久的塑性应变 stress crystal lattice晶格, 晶格 cement gel 水泥凝胶体 water-cement ratio 水灰比 expansion joint 伸缩缝 stability of the structure 结构的稳定性 structural stability 15. fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土的疲劳强度 Volume Changes of Concrete Concrete undergoes volume changes during hardening. 混凝土在硬结过程中会经历体积变化。If it loses moisture by evaporation, it shrinks, but if the concrete hardens in water, it expands. 如果蒸发失去水分，混凝土会收缩；但如果在水中硬结，它便膨胀。The causes of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads. 混凝土体积变化的原因可归结为含水量的变化、水泥与水的水化反应、温度变化和所施加的荷载。 Shrinkage The change in the volume of drying concrete is not equal to the volume of water removed. The evaporation of free water causes little or no shrinkage. 混凝土干燥时的体积变化量不等于它所失去的水的体积。自由水的蒸发基本不产生收缩。As concrete continues to dry, water evaporates and the volume of the restrained cement paste changes, causing concrete to shrink, probably due to the capillary tension that develops in the water remaining in concrete. 随着混凝土的不断变干，水分蒸发，受约束水泥浆的体积也变化，导致了混凝土的收缩，这多半是由于残留在混凝土中的水的毛细张力所致。 Emptying of the capillaries causes a loss of water without shrinkage. But once the absorbed water is removed, shrinkage occurs. 毛细管变空导致无收缩的水分丢失，但一旦失去吸收的水分，收缩便发生。 Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete caused by the variations in moisture conditions. 许多因素都会影响因水分环境发生变化而产生的混凝土收缩。 1.Cement and water content. The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage. 水灰比：水灰比越大，收缩越大； 2.Composition and fineness of cement. High-early-strength and low-h