《普通语言学》第4次课课案.ppt

《普通语言学概论》 （第 4 次课） 第一章 走进语言学（4） （Invitations to Linguistics） 1.8 宏观语言学 1.9 语言学中的几个重要区分 1.8 宏观语言学 Linguistics is not only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, the science of law and artificial intelligence etc. are also preoccupied with language. On the other hand, although “Saussure’s goal was to establish the autonomy of linguistics, giving it a well-defined subject of study and feeling it from reliance on other disciplines, With its coming of age linguistics is developing interactive links with other sciences. The central goal of describing the underlying system remains; this is the province of general, descriptive linguistics. 语言学并不是研究语言的唯一领域。其他学科，例如，心理学、社会学、人类学、法学和人工智能等，也关注语言。索绪尔的目标是确立语言学的自治性，即明确界定语言学的研究对象，并使其脱离对其他学科的依赖，但语言学与其他学科的关系日益紧密。 描写语言的潜在系统依然是语言学的目标，这是普通语言学和描写语言学的领域。但是，语言既有个人的一面，又有社会的一面，这自然就引起了心理学家和社会学家的关注，因此就产生了宏观语言学，顾名思义，这是具有跨学科性质的。 1.8.1 心理语言学 (Psycholinguistics) 1.8.2 社会语言学 (Sociolinguistics) 1.8.3 人类语言学 (Anthropological linguistics) 1.8.4 计算语言学 (Computational linguistics) Psycholinguistics: investigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example. In the psycholinguistic study of grammar, the psycholinguistic constraints on the form of grammar are examined. 主要考察语言和意识之间的关系，如话语的处理和产生，语言习得等。 Sociolinguistics: is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. It is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers. 囊括了对 语言和社会许多不同领域，包括语言的社会功能和语言使用者的社会特征。社会语言学研究语言变体的特征，它们的功能特征，讲话者的特征。 Anthropological linguistics: are interested primarily in the history and structure of formerly unwritten languages. They are concerned with the emergence of language and also with the divergence of languages over thous